Lesson 1.6: DPDPA vs GDPR and the old regime

Module 1 · Lesson 1.6 of 8 · About 25 minutes · DPDPA vs GDPR and the

Many people ask how this law compares with Europe’s GDPR. This lesson gives a clear side-by-side view. This DPDPA 2023 course page explains dpdpa vs gdpr and the in plain language.

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What you will learn about dpdpa vs gdpr and the

  • Compare DPDPA with GDPR on key points
  • Spot what is new for Indian businesses
  • Understand what changed from the SPDI Rules

In a nutshell (dpdpa vs gdpr and the)

The DPDP Act is shorter and simpler than the GDPR. It is consent-first, has no separate sensitive data category, no general legitimate interest ground, and no data portability right. It adds a Consent Manager framework and a Board that works largely digitally.

DPDPA versus GDPR

TopicDPDPA 2023GDPR
ScopeDigital personal dataAll personal data, any form
Lawful groundsConsent and listed legitimate usesSix grounds, including legitimate interest
Sensitive dataNo separate categorySpecial categories with stricter rules
Data portabilityNot providedProvided
Breach noticeTo the Board and each affected personTo the regulator and in high-risk cases the person
DPOOnly for Significant Data FiduciariesRequired in defined cases
PenaltiesUp to Rs 250 crore per breach category in the ScheduleUp to 4 percent of global turnover or EUR 20 million
ChildrenUnder 18, verifiable parental consentAge of consent 13 to 16 set by each state
RegulatorData Protection Board of IndiaIndependent authority in each state
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Old regime versus new law (dpdpa vs gdpr and the)

AspectSPDI Rules 2011DPDP Act 2023
Applies toBody corporates and only sensitive dataAny person, all digital personal data
ConsentWritten consent for sensitive dataFree, specific, informed, clear consent for all
RightsLimited review and correctionAccess, correction, erasure, grievance, nomination
EnforcementAdjudicating officersBoard with defined penalties
Breach dutyReporting to CERT-In onlyReport to Board and notify persons

Click the memory hooks

1Simplelaw2Consentfirst3No sensitivecategory4Bigpenalties
Tap or click a step to see exactly what to do.

Activity (5 minutes) (dpdpa vs gdpr and the)

If you already follow GDPR or ISO 27001, list two controls you can reuse (for example the data inventory and breach register).

Key takeaway: GDPR experience helps, but do not copy it blindly. Check the gaps listed above.

Check your understanding of dpdpa vs gdpr and the

Q1. Does the DPDP Act have a separate category of sensitive personal data?

Q2. Does the DPDP Act provide a right to data portability?

Q3. Who must appoint a Data Protection Officer?

Educational material for learning purposes, not legal advice. Check the official text of the DPDP Act, 2023, the DPDP Rules, 2025 and MeitY notifications for the latest position.

Official sources for dpdpa vs gdpr and the: Digital Personal Data Protection Rules, 2025 (MeitY, PDF) and DPDP Rules 2025, English text (PDF). Always check the latest official notifications.